According to Chávez and other supporters, the "Bolivarian Revolution" seeks to build a mass movement to implement Bolivarianism—popular democracy, economic independence, equitable distribution of revenues, and an end to political corruption—in Venezuela. [346] Child malnutrition (defined as stunting or wasting in children under the age of five) was 17%. • Rosati, Andrew (11 January 2017). [233] Visitors have been murdered during robberies and criminals do not discriminate among their victims. Venezuela . Le document de référence présente explicitement la variante « Vénézuéla » comme acceptable. Simón Bolívar est le grand leader de ce mouvement et des luttes pour la construction d'une nouvelle nation. La même année, Pastor Maldonado est le premier pilote de Formule 1 vénézuélien à remporter une course. In 1975 the iron industry was nationalized and the following year the oil industry, creating Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA). Le pays est faiblement industrialisé en dehors de la production pétrolière et importe la plupart de ses biens de consommation[52]. In 1973, Venezuela voted to nationalize its oil industry outright, effective 1 January 1976, with Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) taking over and presiding over a number of holding companies; in subsequent years, Venezuela built a vast refining and marketing system in the U.S. and Europe. [319] The Venezuelan government, however, were actively recruiting immigrants from Eastern Europe to fill a need for engineers. The opposition's attempts to unseat Chávez included the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, the Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003, and the Venezuelan recall referendum, 2004, all of which failed. Previously, the official name was Estado de Venezuela (1830–1856), República de Venezuela (1856–1864), Estados Unidos de Venezuela (1864–1953), and again República de Venezuela (1953–1999). La république de Colombie, ou Grande Colombie, est un État défini par le Congrès d'Angostura, dans le territoire du vice-royauté de Nouvelle-Grenade de l'Empire espagnol. Venezuela. Since 1958, the country has had a series of democratic governments, as an exception where most of the region was ruled by military dictatorships, and the period was characterized by economic prosperity. Dan Beeton and Joe Sammut (6 December 2013). Chavez voulait conclure la transformation de son pays en 2021. Selon Michelle Bachelet, Haute-Commissaire des Nations unies aux droits de l'homme, le volet de sanctions imposées en août 2019 par les États-Unis « [ne contient] pas suffisamment de mesures pour atténuer leur impact sur les couches les plus vulnérables de la population »[32]. Private sector still dominates Venezuelan economy despite Chavez crusade", "Venezuela: Gold Returns to the Country, The Euphoria in the Streets", "Venezuela Ogles Chavez's Hidden Billions as Reserves Sink", "Resultados del Índice Nacional de Precios Al Consumidor, Producto Interno Bruto y Balanza de Pagos Cuarto Trimestre De 2015", "UPDATE 1-Venezuela 2016 inflation hits 800 pct, GDP contracts nearly 19 pct", Venezuelan Government Meets with Private Industries to Combat Food Shortages. The highest temperature recorded was 42 °C (108 °F) in Machiques,[155] and the lowest temperature recorded was −11 °C (12 °F), it has been reported from an uninhabited high altitude at Páramo de Piedras Blancas (Mérida state),[156] even though no official reports exist, lower temperatures in the mountains of the Sierra Nevada de Mérida are known. Les Vénézuéliennes se font inculquer, dès leur plus tendre enfance, l’idée que la beauté féminine est essentielle à la réussite sociale[98]. Venezuela (/ ˌ v ɛ n ə ˈ z w eɪ l ə /; American Spanish: [beneˈswela] ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.